CBSE Class 12-science Answered

VNTR: Variable number tandem repeat (or VNTR) is a location in a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is organised as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length between individuals. They constitute hypervariable dispersed repetitive sequences. The analysis of VNTRs is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting.

Probe: Probe is a fragment of DNA or RNA of variable length, around 100-1000 bases long, which can be radioactively labelled. It can then be used in DNA or RNA samples to detect the presence of nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the sequence in the probe.