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ICSE Class 8 Answered

Q1.explain the factors affecting the climate of india?
Asked by Chandrashekhar | 12 Dec, 2018, 06:34: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer

Some important factors affecting the climate of India are:

  1. The Himalayas: The Great Himalayas act as a climatic barrier. It protects South Asia from the cold winds that blow over Central Asia. The Himalayas trap the moisture laden South West Monsoon winds which result in rainfall over the Indo Gangetic Plains. Without the Himalayas, most of the fertile Indo Gangetic Plains would have been hot and dry during the summers and cold and dry during the winters and would have been deserts or semi deserts.
  2. Latitude: The Tropic of Cancer, latitude, passes through India at 23°26′N to the north of the Equator. The northern part of India lies in the temperate zone while the southern part lies in the tropical zone. Temperature remains high throughout the tropical regions.
  3. Altitude: As we go above sea level, the temperature starts declining. Thus temperature decreases with an increase in altitude. There is a decrease of 10C for every 166 m rise in the height. This is the reason why hill stations are cooler than the plain regions.
  4. Air pressure and surface winds: India lies in the region of north easterly winds. However as these winds blow over land, they carry very little moisture and cause no rainfall. During winters, a high pressure area is created to the north of the Himalayas. Cold winds blow from this region to the low pressure areas to the south over the oceans. During summers, as a low pressure area develops over Central Asia; there is a complete reversal of the direction of the winds. Winds move from the high pressure area over the Southern Indian Ocean. As these winds blow over the warm ocean, they gather moisture and bring rainfall in the country.
  5. Distance from the Sea: Since coastal areas experience the effect of the land and the sea breeze, they have a moderate kind of climate. On the other hand, the interior parts of India have an extreme climate.
Answered by Social Science Expert | 12 Dec, 2018, 08:31: AM
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