CBSE Class 12-science Answered

Following are the important topics from the chapter thermodynamics, from where different questions can be asked:

1. Statement of all the four laws of thermodynamics
2. Definition of state function
3. Internal energy
4. Mathematical form of the first law of thermodynamics
5. Enthalpy and mathematical relation between enthalpy and internal energy.
6. Heat capacity
7. Difference between specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity
8. Standard enthalpy of reaction and calculation of different standard enthalpies of a reaction (like neutralisation, atomisation etc)
9. Hess's law and its numerical application
10. Entropy and its mathematical expression
11. Gibb's energy and conditions for spontaneity
12. Coupling of reactions
13. Relation between Gibb's energy and electrode potential of a cell
14. Relation between Gibb's energy and equilibrium constant

Following are the important topics from the chapter Equilibrium (I and II), from where different questions can be asked:

1. Law of chemical equilibrium
2. Derivation of relationship between Kp and Ke
3. Le-Chatler’s principle
4. Various concepts of Acids and Bases – Arrhenius, Bronsted Lowery and Lewis concept.
5. Acid-base equilibrium
6. Ionization of water
7. pH scale
8. Hydrolysis of salt
9. pH calculation of salt solution