ICSE Class 9 Answered

Steps involved in the production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology:

1. Specific nucleotide sequences (genes) coding for insulin are cut from the DNA of humans.
2. These nucleotide sequences are pasted into circular DNA (plasmid) of certain bacteria. Such DNA is called recombinant DNA.
3. Recombinant DNA is reintroduced into the bacteria.
4. The bacteria divide and a large population of bacteria is produced, with each bacterium having the duplicated plasmid, carrying the insulin gene.
5. These bacteria produce insulin.