CBSE Class 12-science Answered

(i) Intra-uterine devices are inserted in the uterus through the vagina and are presently available as non-mediated IUDs, copper-releasing IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs. They increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm mobility along with the fertilising capacity of the sperms. On the other hand, hormone-releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.

(ii) Saheli is an oral contraceptive for females containing a non-steroidal preparation. It is a 'once a week' pill with few side-effects and high contraceptive value.