CBSE Class 12-science Answered

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced from cholesterol in the two adrenal glands located on the top of each kidney. It is released in response to stress and low levels of blood glucose. Its principal role is to help the body respond to stress.

Cortisol maintains blood pressure and cardiovascular function. It constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure to enhance the delivery of oxygenated blood. This is advantageous for fight-or-flight situations. Over a period time, such arterial constriction and high blood pressure can lead to blood vessel damage and plaque build up, which may eventually result in heart attack.

Overproduction or excess of cortisol is associated with hypertension. Patients treated with glucocorticoids also have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.