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CBSE Class 11-science Answered

explain s,p,d,f block elements  
Asked by pa1980144 | 14 Oct, 2018, 03:27: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer

s-Block Elements -

  • Elements in which the last electron enters the s-orbital of the outermost energy level are called s-block elements.
  • The s-block consists of two groups—Group 1 and Group 2, which are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
 

p-Block Elements -

  • Elements in which the last electron enters the p-orbital of their outermost energy level are called p-block elements
  • The p-block elements comprise elements belonging to Groups 13−18.  
  • It consists of all types of elements—metals, non-metals and metalloids.
 

d-Block Elements (Transition Elements) 

  • Elements in which the last electron enters any one of the five d-orbitals of penultimate shells are called d-block elements.
  • Elements of Groups 3−12 in the center of the periodic table constitute the d-block elements.
  • The general outer electronic configuration of d-block elements is (n − 1)d1−10 ns1−2.

f-Block Elements (Inner Transition Elements) 

  • Elements in which the last electron enters any one of the seven f-orbitals of their respective ante-penultimate shells are called f-block elements.
  • There are 28 f-block elements in the periodic table which are placed at the bottom of the periodic table.
  • The lanthanides or lanthanoids, i.e. cerium to lutetium (58Ce – 71Lu) and actinides or actinoids, i.e. thorium to lawrencium (90Th – 103Lr) are characterised by the outer electronic configuration (n – 2) f0−14 (n – 1)d0-2ns2.
  • All the f-block elements, i.e. lanthanides and actinides, are also called inner transition elements.
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