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ICSE Class 8 Answered

Differentiate the three states of matter on the basis of following: Intermolecular force of attraction, intermolecular space, no. of collision, no. of surface, kinetic energy
Asked by samruddhikhedkar85.8spicertl | 28 May, 2020, 12:17: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer

 

Solid State

Liquid State

Gaseous State

Mass

Solids have a definite mass.

Example: A large piece of stone has more mass than a small piece of stone.

Liquids have a definite mass.

Example: A large bucket of water has more mass than a small one.

Gases have a definite mass.

Example: An inflated balloon has more mass than a deflated balloon.

Volume, Shape, Rigidity

Solids have definite shape. They maintain their shape even when they are subjected to an external force, i.e. they are rigid.

Liquids do not have a fixed shape but have a fixed volume. Liquids take up the shape of the container in which they are poured. They are less rigid.

Gases neither have a definite shape nor a definite volume. They fill up the container completely. They are not rigid.

On the basis of kinetic theory – Intermolecular space

In solids, the space between the particles is very less.

In liquids, the space between the particles is slightly more as compared to solids but still very less. The particles of liquid can slip and slide over each other.

 

In gases, the particles are much farther apart from one another as compared to solids and liquids. They have a very disorderly arrangement of particles compared to solids and liquids.

On the basis of kinetic theory – Force of attraction

The force of attraction between the particles is strong. Thus, particles in a solid are closely packed.

 

 

The force of attraction between the particles is strong enough to hold the particles together but not strong enough to hold the particles in a fixed position.

Thus, particles in a liquid are not as closely packed as in solids.

The force of attraction between the particles is negligible; hence, particles of a gas move freely in all directions.

Gases can thus mix or diffuse into other gases.

On the basis of kinetic theory – Movement

Solid particles vibrate only about their mean position.

Liquid particles are free to move around in the liquid only. They can slip and slide over each other.

Gaseous particles move with high speed in all directions and can exert pressure on the walls of the container.

Density

Solids have high density. This is because the number of particles in a solid is more and intermolecular space is minimum.

Liquids have less density as compared to solids because the number of particles is less and the intermolecular space is more.

Gases have least density as the number of particles is least and the intermolecular space is maximum.

Free surface

Solids have infinite free surface.

Liquids have one upper free surface.

Gases do not have any free surface.

Miscibility or Diffusibility

Solids do not diffuse with other solid particles.

Liquids may diffuse with other liquid particles.

Gaseous particles rapidly diffuse with other gaseous particles.

Compressibility

Solids cannot be compressed.

Liquids cannot be compressed much. The compressibility of liquids is almost negligible.

Gases can be compressed easily. Examples: LPG cylinders used at home and CNG cylinders used in vehicles.

Viscosity

Some solids may change their shape when an external force is applied, but when that force is removed, they can regain their original shape. This shows that some solids are elastic.

Example: Rubber, sponge etc.

Liquids show a property called viscosity. More viscous liquids flow slowly, while less viscous liquids flow easily.

Example: Honey is a viscous liquid flows slowly. Whereas, oil is less viscous as compared to honey hence flows faster.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State
 
 
 
Mass Solids have a definite mass.
Example: A large piece of stone has more mass than a small piece of stone. Liquids have a definite mass.
Example: A large bucket of water has more mass than a small one. Gases have a definite mass.
Example: An inflated balloon has more mass than a deflated balloon. 
Volume, Shape, Rigidity Solids have definite shape. They maintain their shape even when they are subjected to an external force, i.e. they are rigid. Liquids do not have a fixed shape but have a fixed volume. Liquids take up the shape of the container in which they are poured. They are less rigid. Gases neither have a definite shape nor a definite volume. They fill up the container completely. They are not rigid.
On the basis of kinetic theory – Intermolecular space In solids, the space between the particles is very less. In liquids, the space between the particles is slightly more as compared to solids but still very less. The particles of liquid can slip and slide over each other.
In gases, the particles are much farther apart from one another as compared to solids and liquids. They have a very disorderly arrangement of particles compared to solids and liquids. 
On the basis of kinetic theory – Force of attraction The force of attraction between the particles is strong. Thus, particles in a solid are closely packed.
 
The force of attraction between the particles is strong enough to hold the particles together but not strong enough to hold the particles in a fixed position.
Thus, particles in a liquid are not as closely packed as in solids. The force of attraction between the particles is negligible; hence, particles of a gas move freely in all directions. 
Gases can thus mix or diffuse into other gases.
On the basis of kinetic theory – Movement Solid particles vibrate only about their mean position. Liquid particles are free to move around in the liquid only. They can slip and slide over each other. Gaseous particles move with high speed in all directions and can exert pressure on the walls of the container.
Density Solids have high density. This is because the number of particles in a solid is more and intermolecular space is minimum. Liquids have less density as compared to solids because the number of particles is less and the intermolecular space is more. Gases have least density as the number of particles is least and the intermolecular space is maximum.
Free surface Solids have infinite free surface. 
 
 
Liquids have one upper free surface. 
 
Gases do not have any free surface.
 
 
 
Miscibility or Diffusibility Solids do not diffuse with other solid particles.
 
 
Liquids may diffuse with other liquid particles.
 
Gaseous particles rapidly diffuse with other gaseous particles.
 
 
Compressibility Solids cannot be compressed. Liquids cannot be compressed much. The compressibility of liquids is almost negligible. Gases can be compressed easily. Examples: LPG cylinders used at home and CNG cylinders used in vehicles.
Viscosity Some solids may change their shape when an external force is applied, but when that force is removed, they can regain their original shape. This shows that some solids are elastic.
Example: Rubber, sponge etc. Liquids show a property called viscosity. More viscous liquids flow slowly, while less viscous liquids flow easily.
Example: Honey is a viscous liquid flows slowly. Whereas, oil is less viscous as compared to honey hence flows faster.
 
 
 
 
 
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Answered by Ramandeep | 28 May, 2020, 05:16: PM
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