CBSE Class 12-science Answered
The methods of birth control are divided into the following categories:
(i) Natural/traditional methods: These are natural methods which work on the principle of avoiding the meeting of the ovum and the sperm. It includes periodic abstinence, coitus interruptus and lactational amenorrhea.
(ii) Barrier methods: These methods prevent the contact of the sperm and the ovum by using barriers. Such methods are available for both males and females. These include condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, vaults, spermicidal creams, jellies and foams.
(iii) Intra-uterine devices: These devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through the vagina. There are three types of IUDs available which include non-medicated IUDs, copper-releasing IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs.
(iv) Oral contraceptive: This involves uptake of hormonal preparations of either progestogen or progestogen-oestrogen combinations in the form of pills.
(v) Injections and implants: Progestogen or progestogen-oestrogen combination can also be used by females as injections or implants under the skin.
(vi) Surgical methods: These are terminal and permanent methods which block the transport of gametes, thereby preventing conception. This is achieved by vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females.