CBSE Class 10 Answered

Dear Mrigank,

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary nationalist. As a young man, he became a member of the nationalist secret society ‘the Carbonari’ and attempted a revolution in Liguria in 1831 for which he was exiled. He later himself founded two underground groups – ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles and ‘Young Europe’ in Berne. Mazzini opined that God wanted nations to be the natural units of mankind and hence Italy should be unified into a single republic within a wider alliance of nations. Following this conceptualization, many secret societies were formed across Europe, in countries like Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. He staunchly espoused democratic republics and opposed monarchical rule. Metternich famously called him ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.