CBSE Class 9 Answered

(a) Fractional distillation is the method used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling points.

Two conditions essential for using this method are:

1) Two liquids must be miscible that is they totally mix with each other.

2) The difference between the boiling points of the liquids should be greater than 25K.

(b)  Apparatus used for fractional distillation:

(c) A mixture of two immiscible liquids can be separated by using a separating funnel.

The separation of two immiscible liquids by a separating funnel depends on the difference in their densities.

OR

(a) Applications of fractional distillation are:

(3) Fractional distillation of liquid air is used to separate constituents of the air.

(b) Air is a homogeneous mixture and can be separated into its components by fractional distillation. The flow diagram showing the process is: