CBSE Class 10 Answered

The First World War which began in 1914 was different from all other previous wars. It was fought by several nations and affected almost all countries of the world. New methods of defense and destruction were used in it. Because of the extent of the spread of the war, damages caused by it and the total impact of the war was till now unprecedented in history, it came to be known as the First World War.

Causes of the War were:

• Aggressive and Militant Nationalism
• Race for Armament
• Division of Europe Into two Hostile Camps
• Murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Immediate Cause)

The First World War was fought between Britain, France, Russia and their allies on one hand and Germany, Austria-Hungary and their allies on the other. While the former were known as the Allied Powers, the latter group was known as the Central Powers.

The Central powers were defeated in the war. The war marked the end of three ruling dynasties in Europe- the Romanov in Russia, the Hohenzollern in Germany and Hapsburg in Austria- Hungary.The rule of the Ottoman Empire came to an end in Italy. Austria and Hungary became two separate states. Thus monarchy in many countries collapsed.Many independent states emerged during the War. Some of these were Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Yugoslavia.

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