CBSE Class 10 Answered
1.Name the device which converts electrical energy into machinical energy and explain its working model , principal ,laws and rules involved in this . Draw necessary diagram ...
Asked by cjemima2003 | 18 Nov, 2018, 06:55: PM
Expert Answer
An electric motor is a rotating device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
An electric motor, as shown in Fig. 13.15, consists of a rectangular coil ABCD of insulated copper wire.
An electric motor, as shown in Fig. 13.15, consists of a rectangular coil ABCD of insulated copper wire.
The coil is placed between the two poles of a magnetic field such that the arm AB and CD are perpendicular
to the direction of the magnetic field. The ends of the coil are connected to the two halves P and Q of a split ring.
to the direction of the magnetic field. The ends of the coil are connected to the two halves P and Q of a split ring.
The inner sides of these halves are insulated and attached to an axle. The external conducting edges of
P and Q touch two conducting stationary brushes X and Y, respectively, as shown in the Figure.
P and Q touch two conducting stationary brushes X and Y, respectively, as shown in the Figure.
Current in the coil ABCD enters from the source battery through conducting brush X and flows back to the battery through
brush Y. Notice that the current in arm AB of the coil flows from A to B. In arm CD it flows from C to D, that is, opposite to the
direction of current through arm AB. On applying Fleming’s left hand rule for the direction of force on a current-carrying
conductor in a magnetic field. We find that the force acting on arm AB pushes it downwards while the force acting on arm
CD pushes it upwards. Thus the coil and the axle O, mounted free to turn about an axis, rotate anti-clockwise.
At half rotation, Q makes contact with the brush X and P with brush Y. Therefore the current in the coil gets reversed
and flows along the path DCBA. A device that reverses the direction of flow of current through a circuit is called a
commutator. In electric motors, the split ring acts as a commutator. The reversal of current also reverses the direction of force
commutator. In electric motors, the split ring acts as a commutator. The reversal of current also reverses the direction of force
acting on the two arms AB and CD. Thus the arm AB of the coil that was earlier pushed down is now pushed up and
the arm CD previously pushed up is now pushed down. Therefore the coil and the axle rotate half a turn more in
the same direction. The reversing of the current is repeated at each half rotation, giving rise to a continuous rotation of the coil
the same direction. The reversing of the current is repeated at each half rotation, giving rise to a continuous rotation of the coil
and to the axle.
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