Mahatma Gandhi's Mass Movements

Here, we map out Gandhi’s important struggle movements and peace missions from South Africa all the way to India despite several hardships and challenges. 

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• 1913-14 was when Mohandas Gandhi came to India after restoring rights to the Indian and indigeneous community over there through his active movements during his days as a lawyer. Gandhi led a campaign of civil disobedience to protest the harsh treatment of Indians in South Africa.

• After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination.

• Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity. He also dedicated his life for ending untouchability, but above all achieving Swaraj or self-rule.

Gandhi's vision of a free India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India.

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-Sayan Ganguly