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ICSE Class 10 Answered

why does the speed increase or decrease in a medium i.e what are the factors that affect the speed of light in a medium and how?  
Asked by asmithasrushti | 21 May, 2022, 06:56: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Maxwell has found out velocity v of electromagnetic radiation as
 
begin mathsize 14px style v space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of mu space cross times space epsilon end root end fraction end style  ..........................(1)
 
where μ is magnetic permeability of medium and ε is electric permittivity of medium
 
For a transparent medium , μ = μr μo  and ε = εr εo
 
where μr is relative permeabilty of medium, μo is permeability of free space ,
εr is relative permittivity  or dielectric constant and εo is permittivity of free space.
 
Hence we can rewrite eqn.(1) as
 
begin mathsize 14px style v space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of mu subscript r space epsilon subscript r end root end fraction cross times 1 over square root of mu subscript o space cross times space epsilon end root subscript o end style  ......................... (2)
 
Let us consider velocity of light c  in free space as
 
begin mathsize 14px style c space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of mu subscript o space cross times space epsilon subscript o end root end fraction end style  ................................. (3)
 
hence velocity of light in a medium can be written using eqn.(2) and eqn.(3) as
 
begin mathsize 14px style v space equals space fraction numerator c over denominator square root of mu subscript r space epsilon subscript r end root end fraction end style
Hence factors affecting speed of light in amedium are relative permeability and relative permittivity
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 21 May, 2022, 10:58: PM

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