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CBSE Class 12-science Answered

which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor?
1. drift velocity alone
2. thermal velocity alone
3. both drift velocity and thermal velocity
4. neither drift nor thermal velocity
Asked by vipuljain1964 | 05 May, 2015, 05:53: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Correct option is: (1)

The characteristic of an electron that determines the current in a conductor is drift velocity alone and not thermal velocity.
Drift velocity is the average velocity with which the free electrons get drifted towards the positive end of the conductor under the influence of an external electric field.
On the other hand thermal velocity of electron depends upon the temperature.
 
begin mathsize 14px style Drift space velocity space is space related space to space current space as colon space straight v subscript straight d space equals straight I over Ane where space straight A space is space area space ofcrosssection space of space the space conductor space wire comma space straight e space the space charge space on space each space electron space and space straight n space the space number space density space of space electrons. On space the space other space hand space Thermal space velocity space is space given space by colon space straight v subscript straight T space equals square root of fraction numerator 3 straight k subscript straight B straight T over denominator straight m subscript straight e end fraction end root where space straight m subscript straight e space is space the space electron space mass comma space straight k subscript straight B space the space boltzman space constant space and space straight T space temperature Thus space thermal space velocity space is space depended space on space temperature space not space the space current end style
Answered by Jyothi Nair | 06 May, 2015, 12:28: PM

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