what is mendel's law of inheritance

These are the principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants to describe the inheritance of traits passed from one generation to the next.

Mendel's first law (the law of segregation) states that during the formation of reproductive cells (gametes), pairs of hereditary factors (genes) for a specific trait separate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent. 

Mendel's second law (the law of independent assortment) states that chance determines which factor for a particular trait is inherited. 

Mendel's third law (the law of dominance) states that one of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive.