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CBSE Class 12-science Answered

What is genetic engineering and how's it's work.
Asked by kripanjalihimansu | 28 Feb, 2019, 06:02: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer

Genetic engineering includes techniques to alter the nature of genetic material, DNA and RNA to introduce these into the host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.

Conceptual Development of Principles of Genetic Engineering:

  • Genetic engineering is based on two important discoveries in bacteria:
  1. Presence of plasmids in bacteria which can undergo replication along with and independent of chromosomal DNA.
  2. Restriction endonucleases, also called molecular or biological scissors, which can break DNA at specific sites.
  • A piece of naked DNA introduced into the foreign organism would not be able to multiply itself in the organism. However, when it gets incorporated into the genetic material of the recipient cell, it may multiply and be inherited along with the host DNA because the alien piece of DNA has now become a part of the chromosome which possesses the ability to replicate.
  • A specific DNA sequence called the ‘ori site’ or ‘origin of replication’ in a chromosome is responsible for the initiation of replication.
  • A foreign DNA linked with the origin of replication can replicate and multiply itself in the host organism. This process is called cloning, i.e. forming multiple identical copies of any template DNA.
Answered by Sheetal Kolte | 28 Feb, 2019, 11:13: AM
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