CBSE Class 12-science Answered
what is electric dipole?
Asked by pandatnawal747 | 08 Sep, 2018, 01:58: PM
Expert Answer
An electrical dipole is a pair of equal and opposite point charges q and -q, separated by a distance 2a.
By convention, the direction from -q to +q is said to be the direction of dipole.
Though the total charge of electrical dipole is obviously zero, the field of the electrical dipole is not zero at nearby distance.
Since charge q and -q are separated by some distance, electrical fields due to them, when added,
do not exactly cancels out.But at distances much larger than the separate distance ( r >> 2a),
the fields due to +q and -q nearby cancels out.
Physical significance of dipole is due to the application of electric dipole concept to study the polar molecules.
In most molecules, the centres of positive and negative charge coincides and their dipole moment is zero.
But they develop a dipole moment when external electric field is applied due to the shift of centres of positive and negative charges.
In some molecules which are called polar molecules, for example H2O, they have a permanent electric dipole moment,
even in absence of external electric field. The concept of electric dipole is helpful to understand the interesting properties
and important application of polar molecules in presence or absence of electric field.
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 09 Sep, 2018, 01:49: PM
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