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CBSE Class 10 Answered

What are the rules for nomenclature of alkanes? Also give the structural formula of the following compound: 5-(1,2-dimethyl butyl)decane
Asked by Shubhangi Gauraha | 30 Oct, 2013, 03:30: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer

All organic compounds are considered as derivatives of saturated hydrocarbons and are known as Alkanes.

According to IUPAC, the name of an organic compound consists of three parts:

(i)Root word

(ii) Suffix

(iii) Prefix

(i)Root word:

Depends upon the number of carbon atoms present in the longest carbon chain selected.

Number of carbon atoms

Root Word

One carbon atom           C1

Meth

Two carbon atom           C2

Eth

Three carbon atom        C3

Prop

Four carbon atom          C4

But

Five carbon atom           C5

Pent

Six carbon atom             C6

Hex

Seven carbon atom        C7

Hept

Eight carbon atom          C8

Oct

Nine carbon atom           C9

Non

Ten carbon atom            C10

Dec

  (ii) Suffix:

The root word is followed by an appropriate suffix, which represents the nature of the bond in a carbon-carbon atom.

Nature of bond

Suffix

General name

General formula

Single bond(C-C)

  -ane

Alkane

CnH2n+2

Double bond(C=C)

  -ene

Alkene

CnH2n

Triple bond()

  -yne

Alkyne

CnH2n-2

Group(R-)

  -yl

Alkyl

CnH2n+1

 (iii)Prefix:

It denotes the substituent, alkyl or functional group and its position in the carbon chain.

Di-, tri-, tetra-, are used for two, three and four groups of the same type respectively.

 The compound should be 5-(2,2-dimethyl butyl)decane

Answered by Hanisha Vyas | 30 Oct, 2013, 06:25: PM
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