CBSE Class 10 Answered
All organic compounds are considered as derivatives of saturated hydrocarbons and are known as Alkanes.
According to IUPAC, the name of an organic compound consists of three parts:
(i)Root word
(ii) Suffix
(iii) Prefix
(i)Root word:
Depends upon the number of carbon atoms present in the longest carbon chain selected.
Number of carbon atoms |
Root Word |
One carbon atom C1 |
Meth |
Two carbon atom C2 |
Eth |
Three carbon atom C3 |
Prop |
Four carbon atom C4 |
But |
Five carbon atom C5 |
Pent |
Six carbon atom C6 |
Hex |
Seven carbon atom C7 |
Hept |
Eight carbon atom C8 |
Oct |
Nine carbon atom C9 |
Non |
Ten carbon atom C10 |
Dec |
(ii) Suffix:
The root word is followed by an appropriate suffix, which represents the nature of the bond in a carbon-carbon atom.
Nature of bond |
Suffix |
General name |
General formula |
Single bond(C-C) |
-ane |
Alkane |
CnH2n+2 |
Double bond(C=C) |
-ene |
Alkene |
CnH2n |
Triple bond() |
-yne |
Alkyne |
CnH2n-2 |
Group(R-) |
-yl |
Alkyl |
CnH2n+1 |
(iii)Prefix:
It denotes the substituent, alkyl or functional group and its position in the carbon chain.
Di-, tri-, tetra-, are used for two, three and four groups of the same type respectively.
The compound should be 5-(2,2-dimethyl butyl)decane