CBSE Class 10 Answered

Properties

Covalent bond

Ionic bond

Definition

Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding between two non metallic atoms which is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms and other covalent bonds

Ionic bond, also known as electrovalent bond is a type of bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. These kinds of bonds occur mainly between a metallic and a non metallic atom.

Occurs between:

Formation:

Two non-metals

A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals that have similar electro negativities. Neither atom is "strong" enough to attract electrons from the other. For stabilization, they share their electrons from outer molecular orbit with others

One metal and one non-metal

An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. Non-metals(-ve ion) are "stronger" than the metal(+ve ion) and can get electrons very easily from the metal. These two opposite ions attract each other and form the ionic bond.

Polarity:

Low

High

Melting point:

low

High

Examples:

Methane (CH₄), HydroChloric acid (HCl)

Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄ )