Q. Name any three managing agencies in India before the First World War. What were their functions ?

Three of the biggest European managing agencies in India till the First World War were Andrew Yule, Bird Heiglers & Co., and Jardine Skinner & Co. These agencies performed various managerial tasks like mobilising capital, establishing joint stock companies and managing them. In most cases, Indian financiers supplied the capital whereas the European agencies invested it and formuated and executed the business policy.