CBSE Class 10 Answered
First of all let me explain cation and anion. Both are ions.
Cations are always positively charged(+) ions. Example: Na+
Anions are negatively charged (-) ions. Example: Cl-
You can remember, Cation positively charged as a pneumonic CP as in Caunaght Placeand anion negatively charged as NA as in not applicale.
Cathode and anode are electrodes in a cell.
The cells which you are studying in Class X are electrolytic cells in electrolysis of water and in metallurgy. In these cells, electrical energy is passed and a chemical reaction takes place. That is electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.
In it, cathode is negatively charged and anode is positively charged.
You can remember as it as the reverse charge of that of ions.
There are another type of cells called electrochemical cells in which the signs are different. Dont bother about that as it will come up in class XII.In these cells, chemical energy is converted to electrical energy .