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CBSE Class 12-science Answered

Plz explain me in detail how with addition of a non-volatile solute depression in freezing point occurs alongwith its graph. plz explain this using concept of variation in vapour pressure and  temperature.
Asked by upmaniousagarika | 08 May, 2016, 12:38: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
 

DEPRESSION OF FREEZING POINT :

  • A solution will freeze when its vapour pressure equals the vapour pressure of the pure solid solvent.
  • According to Raoult’s law, when a non-volatile solid is added to the solvent its vapour pressure decreases and now it would become equal to that of solid solvent at lower temperature. Thus, the freezing point of the solvent decreases.
 
 
 
  • The depression in freezing point depends on the number of solute molecules rather than their nature hence, it is a colligative property.
  • Let Tf0 be the freezing point of pure solvent and Tf be its freezing point when non-volatile solute is dissolved in it. The decrease in freezing point ΔTf0 = Tf0 – Tf  is known as depression in freezing point.

For dilute solutions, the depression in freezing point (ΔTf) is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute in a solution (Molality). Thus,

Where,

      m = molality i.e. the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.

      Kf = Freezing Point Depression Constant or Molal Depression Constant or Cryoscopic Constant

The unit of Kf is K kg mol-1

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