CBSE Class 10 Answered

Binary fission is the process by which prokaryotes divide into two identical daughter cells, which can eventually grow to the same size as the original parent cell. Such reproduction is characterized by exponential growth phases. A disadvantage is that there is little or no genetic variation, so habitat adaptation is not as rapid as would be expected with eukaryotic sexual reproduction.

Budding is the formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism. This is very common in plants and fungi, but may be found in some animals as well, such as the Hydra. Usually, the protrusion stays attached to the primary organism for a while, before becoming free. The new organism is naturally genetically identical to the primary one (a clone), so, as with binary fission, there is not as much genetic variation in offspring as occurs with sexual reproduction.

In binary fission, the cell divides into two daughter cells. In budding, the organism produces two or more daughter organisms.

Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms whereas budding occurs in plants, fungi and certain animals like hydra.

The organism completely divides into two in binary fission and does not remain attached to each other for a long time. In budding, the daughter organisms remains attached to the parent body and detach only after partial or complete maturity.

The identity of the parent organism is retained in budding whereas in binary fission, the parent organism divides into two. The identity of the parent is no more here.