CBSE Class 10 Answered

The transmission of characters follows some definite patterns which was proposed by Mendel in his laws called as Laws of Inheritance.

1) Law of Dominance - In a cross between two organisms, pure for any pair of contrasting characters, the character which appears first in the hybrid of F1 generation is called dominant and the one which is suppresed is called recessive.

2) Law of Segregation of Characters and Purity of Gametes - In an individual, a particular trait is controlled by a pair of factors (now called genes), each contributed by one of the parents. The factors for genes separate from one another during gamete formation. Thus each gamete has only one of a pair of contrasting characters and is pure for a particular trait.

3) Law of Independent Assortment - In crossing over, if two or more traits are involved, their factors assort independently, irrespective of the combinations present in the parents.