CBSE Class 11-science Answered

The melting and boiling points of carbon are very high as compared to the rest to the members of the family. Carbon in its diamond form is one of the hardest substance known.  It has maximum tendency to show catenation. Carbon has high tendency to form Pπ– Pπ multiple bonds with other elements like nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur etc. Other members of the family form Pπ– dπ bonds and that also to a lesser extent. CO₂ is a gas while the dioxides of all other members are solids.

(ii) The graphite is made up of layers and with a solvent absorbed in between these layers they can slip over each other, thus creating the lubricant effect. The diamond is amongst one of the hardest materials we know because the carbon is bound very well to each other. Thus it can cut other things and be a drill.

(iii) Aluminium has a high tensile strength and is very light in weight. It can also be alloyed with various metals such as Cu, Mn, Mg, Si, and Zn. It is very malleable and ductile. Therefore, it is used in making aircraft bodies.

(iv) As diamond is the hardest substance, it is used as abrasive.

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