CBSE Class 10 Answered
The chromosomes carry the genes for various characters. Through transcription and translation, the informations carried on the genes are converted into proteins. These proteins in turn control the various characteristics in the body. Enzymes and hormones are important proteins which control the body functions and express the various traits.
For example - Plants have hormones that can trigger growth. Plant height thus depends on the amount of a particular plant hormone.The amount of the plant hormone made will depend on the efficiency of the process for making it. Consider an enzyme 'A' that is important for this process. If this enzyme works efficiently, a lot of hormone will be made, and the plant will be tall. If the gene for that enzyme has an alteration that makes the enzyme less efficient, the amount of hormone will be less, and the plant will be short. Thus, it can be seen that genes control characteristics, or traits.