explain the following

 

Because oxygen is an electronegative element, the electrons in the oxygen-hydrogen bond orbital are  attracted to the oxygen atom, resulting in a partially positive hydrogen. Loss of a hydrogen ion to a base creates a phenoxide ion that is resonance stabilized

 

Since the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group has two bond pairs and two lone pairs of electrons, there is repulsion between the unshared electron pairs of oxygen. Thus the C-O-H bonds in alcohols as well as phenols is not linear. The bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle i.e. 109^o 28'