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CBSE Class 12-science Answered

Deduce the theory of Fresnel Biprism for the determination of wavelength of monochromatic light .    
Asked by pramanikachyut33 | 30 Jun, 2021, 09:11: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Frsnel's biprism experiment to determine wavelength of monochromatic light is similar to the
Youngs Double Slit Experiment ( YDSE) . Let us briefly go through YDSE.
 
Interference pattern is formed on a screen as shown in figure using two monochromatic point sources S1 and S2
 which are in same phase. These monochromatic point sources S1 and S2 are obtained by making a narrow
slits that are separated by a distance d and placed before another narrow slit S that gives monochrmatic light
from the source light . Fringe width β of interference pattern which is the distance between successive bright
fringes or successive dark fringes is determined by the following equation
 
begin mathsize 14px style beta space equals space fraction numerator lambda space L over denominator d end fraction end style ........................(1)
where λ is the wavelength of light , L is the distance between double slits and screen and
d is the distance between slits S1 and S2 .
 
Wavelength λ is determined from experimental value of β  and from known values of L and d .
 
Drawback in YDSE is the assumption of monochromatic sources S1 and S2 as point sources,
because it is very difficult to get narrow slits that act as point source. If we make the slit very narrow,
intensity of light decreases and interference pattern will be very faint that leads to difficulty in
measurement of  fringewidth. 
 
This difficulty is overcome by Fresnel's Biprism experiment as explained below .
 
Biprism is formed by merging two narrow prisms at their base. A narrow slit is paced befor biprism
so that slit is in line with centre of biprism. A single wavefront emerging from the narrow slit is getting refracted .
After refraction , light rays merge together on a screen to form interference pattern as shown in fugure .
 
Refracted light rays are acting in this process such that as if they are coming from two virtual point sources of light
as shown in figure. This experimental setup is identical like YDSE where we get interference pattern from two point
sources of light that are in same phase. If we know the distance d between virtual sources, we use the fringe width
equation (1) as given in YDSE and determine the wavelegth of monochromatic light .
 
To determine the distance d between virtual sources we use images formed by
convex lens as shown below
 
Let us get the image of virtual sources by placing a convex lens as shown above.
We get from lens equation the relation between the distance u and v
 
(1/v ) + (1/u ) = 1/f  ......................(2)
 
where v is lens-to-image distance and u is lens-to-object distance 
 
magnification of image = ( d1 / d ) = v/u   ......................(3)
 
When v > u , we get magnified image.
 
In lens equation (2) , u and v are interchangeable .
Hence if we position the convex lens at a distance v from object , we get a diminshed image at a distance v
 
new magnification of image = ( d2 / d ) = u / v ....................(4)
 
By multiplying eqn.(3) and eqn.(4) , we get ,  ( d1 / d ) ( d2 / d ) = ( v/u ) ( u / v ) = 1
 
From above expression , we get , begin mathsize 14px style d space equals space square root of d subscript 1 space d subscript 2 end root end style
Hence , using the distance d between virtual sources in eqn.(1) and from the measured values
of fringewidth β it is possibe to detrmine the wavelength λ of monochromatic light .
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 30 Jun, 2021, 04:55: PM
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