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ICSE Class 10 Answered

Decay of alpha beta gamma particles
Asked by aryankumarkeshri80 | 26 Jan, 2020, 07:41: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Alpha particle is nucleus of Helium atom.
Hence if a nucleus emits alpha particle , its mass number decreases by 4 and atomic number decreases by 2.
 
Example :-    begin mathsize 14px style U presubscript 92 presuperscript 238 space rightwards arrow T presubscript 90 presuperscript 234 h space plus space H presubscript 2 presuperscript 4 e end style
---------------------------------------------------
Beta particles are two types, one is having negative charge that is written as β- which is similar
to electron in charge and mass.
 
Other one is positive charge that is written as β+ which has same mass as electron and
same magnitude of charge but sign of charge is positive
 
Example for β- decay :-    begin mathsize 14px style P presubscript 15 presuperscript 32 space rightwards arrow S presubscript 16 presuperscript 32 space plus space beta to the power of minus space plus space nu with bar on top end style
where begin mathsize 14px style nu with bar on top end style is neutrino , particle having neutral charge and negligible mass
 
Example for β+ decay :-    begin mathsize 14px style N presubscript 11 presuperscript 22 a space rightwards arrow N presubscript 10 presuperscript 22 e space plus space beta to the power of plus space plus space nu end style
where ν is anti-neutrino , particle having neutral charge and negligible mass
-------------------------------------------
Gamma ray is neutral beam which is electromagnetic radiation. when alpha or beta decay takes place,
 
the product nuclei is left in excited state, i.e., nucleus at higher energy level than ground state energy level and
comes to ground state by emitting gamma radiation that has energy equal to the difference of excited state energy
and ground state energy
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 27 Jan, 2020, 08:30: AM

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