CBSE Class 9 Answered

Thallophyta

1. Non-vascular plants

2. Primitive and simple forms.

3. Body is not differentiated into stem, root and leaves but in the form of undivided thallus.

4. Most are aquatic but some are terrestrial and live in moist places.

6. Asexual reproduction by spore formation.

8. In life cycle gametophytic phase is dominant.

Examples:

Green algae: Spirogyra, Ulva, Chara, Cladophora, Ulothrix

Red algae: Batra, Polysiphonia

Bryophyta

1. Non-vascular plants.

2. Grow in shady and damp environment.

3. Small plants grow close to the ground.

4. Lack real roots, stems and leaves.

5. In mosses, body is leafy and erect while in liverwort it is flat, green thallus.

6. Reproduction is carried out by spores.

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Pteridophyta

1. Vascular seedless plants.

2. Grow in shady and damp environment.

3. Plant body is made up of roots, stem and leaves.

4. Reproduction is carried out by spores.

5. External water source is required for fertilization.

Ferns, club mosses, horsetails

Gymnosperms

1. Non-flowering plants

2. Undeveloped and naked seeds.

3. Microspores and megaspores are produced by male and female cones.

Ovules are not contained within the ovary.

4. Vascular system is well developed.

5. Sexual mode of reproduction.

Cycus, Ginkgo

Angiosperms

1. Flowering plants.

2. Develops seed enclosed within the fruit wall.

3. Ovules are enclosed within the ovary.

4. Well developed vascular tissues.

5. Sexual mode of reproduction

All flowering plants